ANSWER: These are two separate things. You have committed a major sin if you missed praying isha without a valid reason but this does not stop you from praying the night prayers.

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ANSWER: He should tap on the shoulder of the follower and the follower must step back and they both must pray behind the imam in the next row.

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ANSWER: No problem, however, you must not continue reciting from the Mushaf in this state, you must renew your wudu or recite from your phone.

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ANSWER: As long as you and the imam were in the ruku position together even for a few seconds, the rakat is valid. But if you are not certain, you must add another rakah after the salam.

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