ANSWER: No, you must not recite tashahhud after making sujood as sahu. You directly make salam.  https://www.assimalhakeem.net/sujood-as-sahu-prostrations-of-forgetfulness/

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ANSWER: No, you should only say Rabbana wa lakal hamd while rising up from Ruku. 

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ANSWER: If he missed the Friday prayer for a valid reason, he must pray 4 rakahs of dhuhr. 

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ANSWER: No, this is not permissible. If you pray it even one second before time, this would be invalid.  You must pray the Sunnah after the time of the fard prayer enters. 

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ANSWER: It is totally prohibited to pray or lead prayer while being in a state of minor or major impurity. Some scholars make this an act of apostasy for mocking Allah and praying while He knows that this prayer is invalid. Who are you fooling? 

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