ANSWER: No problem in leading the prayer and what you have heard about dua is not correct.  You’re sinful for not removing pubic and armpit hair for more than 40 days but this does not affect your prayers or duas.

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ANSWER: No problem, but you would lose a great deal of reward if you don’t pray the 12 emphatic sunnah prayers but you’re not sinful and your prayers are valid.

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ANSWER: If he didn’t pray the second ruku with the imam, he has missed the Friday prayer and he must pray 4 rakah after the imam offers salam as his dhuhr.

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ANSWER: No problem. https://islamqa.info/en/answers/126258/qunoot-should-be-said-at-times-of-calamity-with-a-supplication-that-is-appropriate-not-with-duaa-al-qunoot

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ANSWER: What you have heard is absolutely wrong.  No problem in doing other activities during athan including praying. The best however is to reply to the athan and recite the prescribed dua after it but this is not mandatory. 

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ANSWER: No, you must not make up that rakah.  You are exempted from reciting fateha and this rakah is valid if you caught the imam in ruku and you got to say the prescribed dhikr at least once. 

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