Supplications

It is in Musnad Imam Ahmed and also in Sunan Al Tirmithi and was authenticated by Sheikh Al Albani.

You simply ask Allah to grant you a good, righteous wife that would be obedient and a joy to your eyes.

Thikr is different from Du’ah. Therefore, we don’t raise our hands because the Prophet salla Allahu alaihi wa sallam didn’t raise his. The Sunnah is to be recited immediately but if someone didn’t, he must recite them soon afterwards.

There is nothing specific you can ask Allah for your brother. You should generally ask Allah to guide him and Allah will answer your prayers.

Nothing specific, just the general Du’ah.

The best you can do is Du’ah for her. You can also give charity, offer Umrah and Hajj in her name.

This is an innovation and it is baseless

This is authentic. Here is the hadeeth in Saheeh Abu Da’wood and authenticate by Al Albani: 120- باب من رأى الاستفتاح ب: ” سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك ” 748- عن أبي سعيد الخدري قال: ان رسول الله صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إذا قام من الليل كبَّر، ثم يقول:” سبحانك اللهم! وبحمدك، وتبارك اسمك، وتعالى جدك، ولا […]

There isn’t any specific Dua’h. You should ask Allah to make it easy for her and for you and to keep Satan away from you.

There isn’t anything specific in this regard to my knowledge. All what I know is that one should make Thikr on his right hand fingers as this is the Sunnah.