You can’t do it after prayer or every day. It should be only done when something special happens that doesn’t happen every time such as a successful surgery for a loved one.

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If this person didn’t pray at all for 20 years and he didn’t offer any kind of prayer while living among Muslims, he is not Muslim. But if he prayed off and on, he is Muslim and you can ask Allah for forgiveness for him and make Du’ah for him and that is it.

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In silent prayers, the sunnah is to recite it silently. In loud prayers, the Sunnah is to recite it loudly. All the other athkar such as duah should be silent.

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