I am presuming that the loan is not interest based (riba) as this is a major sin. As for the question, if they have money saved that a whole year passed over it and it is more than 1200 dollars, they have to pay zakat over that.

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If you don’t have anything saved for a whole year that exceeds the value of 595 grams of silver, there is no zakat on you.

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There is no preference in paying zakat in Ramadan.

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No, she must support them and it is not permissible to give them from zakat as it is mandatory to provide for them.

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Praise be to Allaah. Allaah has spoken about zakaah funds in the verse (interpretation of the meaning): “As-Sadaqaat (here it means Zakaah) are only for the Fuqaraa’ (poor), and Al‑Masaakeen (the poor) and those employed to collect (the funds); and to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (towards Islam); and to free […]

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