Prayer

You can do that before or as you enter the masjid. Kindly refer to the following link(s): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vx-cg8oHe9g

If you referring to skipping prayer with the congregation, this is permissible when a person is ill.

Men pray Friday in the masjid and they don’t pray thuhur unless they miss the Friday prayers.

This is not sufficient to serve as a sutra and placing a shoe is not permissible, as it is disrespectful.

This is an innovation and you must not make sujud after your prayer for general dua. You can make Duaa as much as you want you in sujood during the prayer itself.

If you did not pray at all, not  single prayer, the time is missed and gone as you were not a Muslim at the time. You can offer nawafil prayers and many good deeds and observe your prayers and fasting on time.

If he works for a conventional bank, he must not be allowed to lead the prayers

If he does not pray his 5 daily prayers at all, then he is not a Muslim and you must leave him. If he is slacking in his prayers and does not pray them on time, you must talk with him about this in a soft and respectful way. Getting angry with him, will only […]

Kindly refer to the following link(s): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3DNLlcv6SU [1]

To my knowledge, there is no Sunni masjid in Iran as building one is prohibited to them.