Prayer

He who claims such a thing must provide the evidence.

You shouldn’t close your eyes whether you are standing up or in sujood unless there is something that requires that.

It is an issue of dispute among scholars and it appears that it is not fard upon our Prophet salla Allahu alaihi wa sallam.

It is best to do both. Otherwise, pray in the masjid even if it is too fast.

No, it is not mandatory to recite it. You don’t have to raise your hand every witr prayer.

It is not mandatory to pray the 2 Sunnah but it helps to complete what was missed in your Fard prayers.

If you are sure that your shoes came in contact by these drops, you can’t pray with them unless you wash your shoes. If you stepped on them, this is different as walking cleans the soil of your shoes.

The Prophet salla Allahu alaihi wa sallam used to order people before every prayer to straighten the lines and narrow the gaps. You should tell them this or send a paper to the Imam so that he would bring the issue to their attention during the khutba.

They are supposed to say it silently.

You should pray it in the morning before Thuhur and you should not pray it in odd numbers but rather add one to it so that it becomes even numbers.