Prayer

Some scholars say it is only one prayer! Others say that a person needs to abandon prayers totally in order to be labeled as a kafir.

Yes, you should reply loudly as the prohibition is only while the Imam is giving his sermon.

No. You can only shorten and combine while traveling between the two cities on the way in this case.

This is permissible.

There is no athan for women. As for the Iqamah, some scholars prohibited it and others permitted it only if there were no men around her.

It is Sunnah to raise your hands during the Duaa of qunoot.

Sometimes this is impossible! Try your best to have whatever is possible touching it.

He makes dhikr until the sun rises and then he prays two Rakah! This would be rewarded as Umrah and hajj but we are not given more details! It seems it is only the reward of hajj!

If you are going back to your hometown which eventually you’ll go back to live and settle in later in life, in this case, your must not shorten your prayer as this is your hometown.

The hanafi method is wrong and you should follow the Shafee method or Umm AlQura calculations