This was instructed by Allah in the Quran. This is a form of taxation whereby they would be protected and wouldn’t be required to fight the enemies. As for the amount, this is for the Islamic ruler to decide it.

Why do non muslims have to pay jizya and how much is it?

Islamic Politics | March 3, 2014 1:42 am
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A group of my friends have started to give dawah, they adhere to Quran and Sunnah but they focus more on establishing Khilafah. They quote from Quran verse no.75 surah Noor about Khilafah.
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Can a woman lead for example like the Saudi women who are struggling to become political leaders?