ANSWER: You should do sujood as sahu since you sat down and did tashahhud before realising your mistake.  Sujood As Sahu (Prostrations of Forgetfulness)

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ANSWER:  Pray 1 more rakah and do sujood as sahu after salam and make another set of salam after sujood as sahu. If you did not do that, your prayer is invalid and you must repeat it now.

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ANSWER: You should direct them to the qibla while they are still praying without the need to cut their prayer.

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ANSWER: As long as you finished 1 rakah before maghrib time entered, your asr is valid. It’s not permissible to delay praying it until this late without a valid reason. 

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ANSWER: No, but he is sinful and has attributes of hypocrites. 

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