Your prayer is valid. What makes you doubt its validity? The Prophet salla Allahu alaihi sa sallam used to pray while wearing his ring!

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It is a highly recommended sunnah.

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The Sunnah of Fajr is prayed before the Fajr salah. If one over sleeps, he can make it up afterwards.

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There isn’t any etiquette. Just ask Him directly for what you desire as long as it is halal.

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If you mean to hold it and to read it, this is permissible, provided you are praying voluntary prayers.

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