Fasting

You must stop eating and drinking when the adhan starts.

As long as there is Day and night, one must fast the day regardless of its length.

No, it is not permissible as both are obligatory fasts.

Yes, in shaa Allah, since he did not ejaculate by his own actions or thinking.

It seems that it is to be said after you break the fast and sip water.

No problem to both.

Yes, it is valid.

If these pain killers are given through IV which means it would be mixed with glucose, this breaks your fast. Also, if they insert objects in your throats with lubricants, this also breaks your fast.

Removing hair from the body has no affect on your fasting. Kindly refer to the following link(s): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyStuVZrNmM

Whatever was broken with sexual intercourse, you must fast two consecutive months for each day broken. Whatever you broke by eating or drinking, you only make up for that day without feeding and poor people. Whatever you didn’t fast from the start, you don’t make this up as there is no use!